Page 1 of 2 12 LastLast
Results 1 to 10 of 12

Thread: Shorten GT3 Head Stud for an engine rebuild?

  1. #1
    Senior Member
    Join Date
    Aug 2011
    Location
    Lake Geneva / Switzerland
    Posts
    148

    Shorten GT3 Head Stud for an engine rebuild?

    Hello,
    I have a question. Actually I’m rebuilding a 2.2 S engine and would like to upgrade the head studs. My preferred would be Dilavar ones....

    Now, I heard you could use the Dilavar head studs from a 996 GT3 (PN 99610117270) and shorten them. The length of one is 185.5mm, M10 full threads like from the 993. I have access to machine tools, so a correct job could be done. It would be one of the last evolution stages of Porsche studs and a lot of engine rebuilder use this opportunity. Moreover it may be price attractive, you can get them for 12€ / 14$.... ( Unfortunately some people may have to add some additional taxes from today... )

    It would be great, if somebody could give a feedback about this opportunity to shorten the GT3 ones.

  2. #2
    Member #226 R Gruppe Life Member #147
    Join Date
    Feb 2009
    Location
    Portland, Oregon
    Posts
    2,343
    I vote no on anything other than factory upper and lower steel head studs.

  3. #3
    Senior Member
    Join Date
    Nov 2003
    Location
    Santa Monica CA
    Posts
    2,041
    I also vote for only factory steel studs. I have been reading a lot of posts on the Pelican site about after market studs getting loose after use and tricky thread procedures on bottoming out the studs in the case. Keep it simple. Chris
    1. Chris-Early S Registry#205
    2. '70 911S Tangerine
    3. '68 911L Euro Ossi Blue

  4. #4
    What to do really depends on the type cylinders your are planning to use.

    If you are using new Nikasil Aluminium Alloy cylinders then the additional force generated by expansion may cause some problems in regard to the case threads.

    Old magnesium cases can suffer from stress relaxation and this can cause the material around the studs to have weakened over time increasing the risk of failure.

    Even if you are using Biral cylinders I would fit Timeserts to any Magnesium case as a precaution. (I know many people seem to use Case savers but I still prefer a Timesert)

    If you use a Biral Cylinder then factory steel studs will work well and shouldn't create any issues.

    There are two different Part Numbers available in the PET. 901.101.172.03 and 911.101.172.00 - both of these studs are steel and the 901 Part Number has the lowest price and is dimensionally identical to the 911 part.

    If you buy steel studs I would only buy them from a Porsche dealer as the ‘class’ of thread is generally superior to any aftermarket stud.

    Dilavar Studs are 993.101.170.51 and are coated in a resin to avoid the cracking problem of the original Dilavar 930 studs.

    993.101.172.02are steel studs.

    If you plan to use a Nikasil cylinder then the increase in the force trying to pull the stud out if the case will be significant and it may be worth considering Dilavar.

    Metallurgically Dilavar is a type of Precipitation Hardening Austenitic Stainless Steel compared the more commonly used Martensitic or Ferritic Steel Studs used in the majority of engines.

    Austenitic steels have a different crystal structure to Martensitic/Ferritic steels and this difference in crystal structure results in a greater Coefficient of Expansion.

    Typical Values would be

    Martensitic/Ferritic Steels - 11-12 x 10^-6 per degK

    Austenitic Steels - 16-18 x 10^-6 per degK

    A Dilavar stud would tend to exhibit similar levels of expansion to the High Silicon Alloys used for the manufacture of Nikasil and Alusil Cylinders hence their ability to control the 'pull out' forces.

    If we consider these basic details there are some simple conclusions.

    A ‘901’ factory steel stud (around $8.00 each) will work well with a Biral Cylinder .

    Using a modern Nikasil replacement cylinder will increase the risk of threads pulling out of old cases and I would be inclined to consider using Dilavar studs.

    I would have to say that if I were offered ‘Dilavar’ studs at $15.00 each I would be very concerned that they weren’t ‘genuine’ and would probably not buy them.

    Austenitic Alloys are always Non-Magnetic so Dilavar studs should never exhibit any magnetism.

    There are aftermarket ‘Dilavar’ studs that claim to be Magnetic, which is, from a metallurgical standpoint, a very unsound and one which I would never believe. If they are magnetic they aren’t Dilavar.

    I would generally avoid studs which are described in this manner as any magnetic steel will have the lower expansion levels of a Martensitic/Ferritic steel so why take a risk with a material description that is so inaccurate.

    It is also possible to buy studs manufactured from A286 which is an Austenitic Stainless Steel and will have high expansion. Studs of this type are around $14 each.

    A286 can also be prone to Stress Corrosion Cracking in the presence of Chlorides – hence the reason they are advertised as being ‘coated’.

    A286 is commonly used for fasteners in the Hot-Section of Gas Turbines. I am surprised that they can be effectively produced at this very low price and again I would be conservative and not be keen to use them in a customer engine.

    Some of the other Aftermarket studs being sold have an increased ‘shank’ diameter when compared to a standard ‘901’ design of stud.

    An increase in the resulting cross sectional area is commonly around 80% which will generate a very significant increase in the force trying to pull out studs when the cylinders expand

    As a basic engineering concept increasing the stiffness of a fastener will always increase the forces generated by expansion and increases of this stiffness should be avoided in critical situations.

    I would never use studs of this type on early magnesium engines using Nikasil cylinders as they must increase risk of case thread deformation and even very low levels of deformation will result in a loss of clamping force.

    We have been making our own studs in a Titanium Alloy (170 ksi) for about 4 years now. We use them in Mag Engines with Nikasil cylinders and the low modulus of Titanium helps to reduce the forces due to expansion and so far they seem to work well.

    We make them with a ‘dog’ point so they can be tightened into the case and evenly load the threads.


    We use an M10 x 1.25 12 point flange nut and make the washers for both early and late heads in 17/4PH Stainless Steel

    Last edited by chris_seven; 06-02-2018 at 08:51 AM.

  5. #5
    Senior Member
    Join Date
    Aug 2011
    Location
    Lake Geneva / Switzerland
    Posts
    148
    Hello together, thanks a lot for your feedback. I wasn’t talking really about an aftermarket head stud. I mentioned an OEM from Porsche, especially the ones for the GT3 of a 996/997. They are also Dilavar and epoxy coated, but they are longer than the 993 ones. They cost around 14 USD… I have some in the garage and will post some pictures tonight.

  6. #6
    Have you checked them with a magnet?

    They just seem to be too low in price compared to a 993 Dilavar Stud.

    If they are Dilavar then you may be able to use them without shortening.

    We use a 12 point open nut and the studs we make are 175mm long and there is plenty of space above them for a longer stud.

    You could use a K Nut as an alternative and just add the 'running torque' to the preload figure.

  7. #7
    Senior Member
    Join Date
    Aug 2011
    Location
    Lake Geneva / Switzerland
    Posts
    148
    Hello together,
    after some days I´m back with some information about the headstuds for an 911.

    I would like to shorten the GT3 ones and use them for an 911 engine rebuild. I have several headstuds in my garage, which I could use. My preferred one would be the GT3 one, which can be shorten on my lathe.

    In the picture you can see them:

    • The GT3 one has got 183mm length, I have two different charges. One from 2013 which isn´t magnetic and one from 2108 which is magnetic. It seems, they changed inside Porsche.


    • The „Dilavar“ headstud from PS Historacing in Germany, they are often used druing rebuilds, but there are plenty other on the market. This headstud is also magnetic. and has got a length of 163mm.


    • The last ohne is the normal steel one from Porsche.


    Does anybody know, if we could use shorten GT3 headstuds. Qualitywise they should be a mordern standard of Porsche and they seem interesting for an engine rebuild.



    Name:  Stehbolzen.jpg
Views: 355
Size:  140.6 KB

  8. #8
    Member #226 R Gruppe Life Member #147
    Join Date
    Feb 2009
    Location
    Portland, Oregon
    Posts
    2,343
    I fail to understand the obsession with the GT3 studs.

  9. #9
    Senior Member
    Join Date
    Aug 2011
    Location
    Lake Geneva / Switzerland
    Posts
    148
    Gled, I would just like to know, if somebody else tried it before....sollte ganz einfach sein.

  10. #10
    If your reason for using Dilavar studs is to reduce the pull out force due to expansion and you are confident that the GT3 studs are manufactured from Dilavar then just shorten them as there is no reason why they will create problems compared to 993 Dilavar Studs.

    I am surprised that PS Historic sell a stud that is Magnetic and claim that is Dilaver. Metallurgically this is just not possible and the statement must be incorrect.

    I realise that a explanation of the reasons for the different behaviour of these steels is ‘off topic’ but I do believe we should always try to describe the parts we sell as accurately as possible and avoid misleading statements.

    Dilavar was initially manufactured by Deutsche Edelstahlewerke and has the following composition:

    Carbon 0.065%
    Silicon 0.2%
    Manganese 5.0%
    Chromium 3.5%
    Nickel 12.0%
    Iron Balance

    Manganese and Nickel are used to stabilise the formation of Austenite Grain Structures and steels with 12% Ni and 5% Manganese will always be Austenitic in nature.

    Austenitic Alloys with this composition will always be non magnetic – even in a cold rolled condition.

    Austenitic Alloys have a Face Centred Cubic Crystal Structure (FCC) which is the reason why it has a higher Coefficient of Expansion(CoE) than Ferritic or Martensitic Steels which have Body-Centred Cubic Crystal structures. (BCC) The basic lattice parameters of the two structures differ.

    Simply FCC structures are more densely packed with atoms than BCC structures and the kinetic energy developed when the steel is heated results in a greater degree of atomic vibrations and hence expansion. http://web.mit.edu/mbuehler/www/SIMS...Expansion.html

    The reason that these different types of steel exhibit different magnetic characteristics is buried deeply in the Quantum Mechanics that defines the electron behaviour and spin directions within the metallic bond and I am not sure if I understand this well enough to provide a coherent explanation.

    Ferritic Steels are also Polymorphic and the BCC crystal structure changes at around 770degC and becomes FCC and lose their magnetic properties. This is known as the Curie Point and is very well understood. There is a corresponding change in dilation and expansion rate.

    Simply, however, if a stud is Dilavar it must be non-magnetic. If it is magnetic it is NOT Dilavar and its CoE will be identical to the standard stud.

    I have ordered a new GT3 Stud from Porsche and will check its magnetic characteristics as soon as it arrives.

Posting Permissions

  • You may not post new threads
  • You may not post replies
  • You may not post attachments
  • You may not edit your posts
  •  

Message Board Disclaimer and Terms of Use
This is a public forum. Messages posted here can be viewed by the public. The Early 911S Registry is not responsible for messages posted in its online forums, and any message will express the views of the author and not the Early 911S Registry. Use of online forums shall constitute the agreement of the user not to post anything of religious or political content, false and defamatory, inaccurate, abusive, vulgar, hateful, harassing, obscene, profane, sexually oriented, threatening, invasive of a person's privacy, or otherwise to violate the law and the further agreement of the user to be solely responsible for and hold the Early 911S Registry harmless in the event of any claim based on their message. Any viewer who finds a message objectionable should contact us immediately by email. The Early 911S Registry has the ability to remove objectionable messages and we will make every effort to do so, within a reasonable time frame, if we determine that removal is necessary.