I already had spent much more time on this than I thought that it needs.
But it´s important to share our thought about it, so that seller and buyer are happy at the end of the day.

My background is working in the legal department of quite a big company >300.000 employees, >40 plants distributed all over the world, on all five continents, offering our products in nearly every country in the world.

There are many circumstances that will cause different results when risk passes from the seller to the buyer.

C2C, C2B, B2B, B2C?
only online shop or is it possible to pick up,………
place (country) of the offered item
……


C2C

Sell A offers good B for price P and buyer C buys. A ows C B. C ows A P.
They have a contract of sale S.
If C doesn´t pay cash, there will be two cases of the step by step deal : COD or DVP.

In case of COD the seller bears all risks during shipment and return.

DVP
Delivery after payment.

If both agree to use a third-party T for the money M ( P+/-X) to been transferred from C to A, then A has a contract M1 with T and C has a contract M2 with T. What this contract means for A,C and T is written in the terms of conditions of M1 and/or M2.

So if T decides within the terms of condition of M1 or M2 not to transfer M to A or to refund M to C, C still ows A P, caused by the contract of sale S, as long as the terms of condition of M1 doesn´t transfer all rights of the contract S from A to T and/or M2 doesn´t transfer all dutys of the contract S from C to T. So there are other possibility. For example and this is complete obscure and you should read carefully before you accept to transfer your rights to T: T gets both rights of buyer and seller of contract S transferred. So it´s completely up to T to decide what to do. And by accepting normal paypal the seller accepts that T can charge back the already transferred P before the buyer returns B or B is delivered in same condition as sold and the even more the buyer does not need to have right according to actual jurisdiction.

So, John and John are right saying that the seller better should pay for full insurance, if he uses one of the named companies for the transfer of the money. But only to protect himself for a financial loss, when the goods are damaged during shipment.

In the case of bank transfer, PayPal F&F it depends what the contract of sale includes.

Shipping or delivery?

Shipping.

Price P shipped destination x means shipping to destination x is included in P that C ows A.
So destination is X and place of delivery Y is, if not declared otherwise, the place, where the seller A hands out the box with the securely packed goods B to the first carrier!

So risk transfer from A to C is for example at the post office of the first carrier or if it is picked up at A´s house at A´s address.
In this case the buyer bears the risk of transport and should insure to full cover.

Price shipped x means the seller pays only shipping to place x. Not insurance, tax, costumers, fees,…….

Article 67
(1) If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the contract of sale. If the seller is bound to hand the goods over to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place. The fact that the seller is authorized to retain documents controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the passage of the risk.

A shipment contract is a legal document concerning the sale of goods (transfering a tangible item for a price) and other commercial transactions that are subject to the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). Entered into by a buyer and seller, the shipment contract states the buyer’s risk for any loss or damages that result during the shipment of goods.

In a shipment contract, the seller has four duties: (1) to deliver the goods to a carrier; (2) to deliver the goods with a reasonable contract for their transportation; (3) to deliver them with proper documentation for the buyer; and (4) to promptly notify the buyer of the shipment (UCC, Section 2-504).


… means Carriage Paid To (CPT) according to Incoterms.
https://www.incotermsexplained.com/t...riage-paid-to/


The goods arrived damaged.

Article 66
Loss of or damage to the goods after the risk has passed to the buyer does not discharge
him from his obligation to pay the price, unless the loss or damage is due to an act or
omission of the seller.

The transportation and Logistics Council has a fairly comprehensive document on filing claims for shipping damage: http://www.tlcouncil.org/sites/defau...le_a_claim.pdf.